Dhizaini uye zvivakwa zve polyethylene

Polyethyle (polyethyle, inotaurwa pamusoro pe pe) is a thermoplastic resin yakagadzirwa ne polymerization ye ethylene monomer. Mune indasitiri, zvakare inosanganisirawo ethylene uye nhamba shoma ye-olefin coplymers. Polyethlene Ondoless, isina-chepfu, inonzwa senge wax, ine yakanakisa-tembiricha yekudziya (iyo yakaderera yekushandisa tembiricha kusvika -100 ° C). Yakanaka yemakemikari kugadzikana, nekuti iyo polymer molecule - carbon single bond yekubatanidza, inogona kuramba yakawanda yeiyo acid neAlkali erosizing zvivakwa zve acid). Insoluble mune yakajairika sol soles pamhepo tembiricha, mvura yakaderera yekunyudza, yakanakisa yemagetsi insulisation.

Dhizaini uye zvivakwa zve polyethylene

1. Chimiro chePolyethylene

Iyo general formula yeiyo chimiro chemhando imwe neimwe yePolyethyle (pe) inogona kutaurwa seinotevera:

Kuumbwa kwayo kunongova maatomu maviri ekabhoni uye hydrogen, uye ine chimiro chakareruka uye chidiki chidiki cheketani pakati pePolymer kabhoni uye hydrogen makomponi. Iyo inonyora parafin wax yekarineti yakakwirira molecular misa, ie, marefu marefu-keteni polymer. Nekuda kweMonomer Molecular ethyley Symmetric, uye nekudaro pechiyero cheyuniti mune iyo molecular ketani boging mode ndeye chete. CC imwe chete Bond, yayo Electron CloudS , uye huwandu hwehuwandu hunogona kuitika hwakakura.

Iyo Van Lector Force neHydrogen Kubatanidza Simba rekudyidzana kwePe zvakare idiki, iyo comm / cm3, CM3 Sokurara kwerabha, asi chete kunze, ndeipi yeiyo yakajairika inochinja macromolecule ketani.

Pe Chemical Composition uye Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LDLPE) NEMAHARA POLYSHYLECHLY, Uye kunyange nhamba diki yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvisungo zvakapetwa, pachine huwandu hweimwe carbonyl uye ether group mu ldcpe. Marudzi akasiyana ehukuru pane huwandu hwehuwandu hwematavi akarongeka muLDPA HDPE chete matavi mashoma mapfupi, Dhipatimendi reLellar Marromolecules, macromolecular maketani haana kubatana nechisungo, akapfava uye elastic; LMLPE inguva refu, akapfupika mutsara macromolecules, matavi ekuti chinhambwe chiri pakati pechiitiko chakasununguka, macoromolecules akasungwa, akaderera, akaderera, akaderera, akaderera crystallinity. LMLPE iri mutsara weMacRomolecule nemaketani akareba, maketani akareba anowedzera kureba pakati peMarromolecular. kupisa kupokana kwe ldc.

Kugadziriswa kwePolyethene Molecule (iyo Geometrical gadziriro yeMacRomolecule yakagadziriswa neboka reMakemikari mune yakasununguka mamiriro, uye yakasarudzika mushure mekunze kwesimba, iyo yekureba kweCC imwechete Bond is 0.154 nm, bond angle ndeye 109.3 °, uye iyo gomba remeno ndeye 0.253 nm.

Iyo Crystallinity yemhando dzakasiyana dzePolyethyle yakasiyana, LWPE iri anenge 65%, HDPE iri anenge 80% ~ 90%, LLDPE iri anenge 65% ~ 75%. Nekuwedzera kweCrystallinity, density, kuomarara, kuomarara uye kusimba kwezvinhu zvigadzirwa zvinovandudza, asi zvivakwa zvaro zvinodzikira. Polyethylene marudzi haasi chete crystallinity chete, crystallation fomu uye crystal parameter haina kufanana.

Iyo Crystalline fomu yePolyethylene inosanganisira ma spherical makristasi uye imwechete makristasi. Iyo yekutanga inowanikwa mushure mekunyungudika kwePolyethyle, kureva kuti, Crytaline Aggregine anowanikwa nekukura kweNyulli akapararira mumativi ese; Iyo yekupedzisira inowanikwa nekutonhora kwemhinduro dzesimba dzePolyethyle. Tafura 1-2 inoratidza crystallinity yepe inowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana.

Iyo dentity yePE ine hukama zvakanyanya neiyo crystallinity xc, uye hukama pakati pezviviri ndezve:

kupi dari yakayerwa yemuenzaniso; D1 uye D2 ndidzo dzakadzika dzechirungu dzakazara uye zvizere amorphous pe, zvichiteerana. Kazhinji, density yekristaro phase yeisina kugadziriswa pe ndeye 1.014 g / cm3 uye density yeAmorphous Phase ndeye 0.84 G / cm3 na25 ℃.

Kuenzanisa uku kunofungidzira kuti densities yekristaro neAmorphous phostally polymer (kureva, iyo sampuli yekuyedzwa) yakaenzana nedzenyama dzekristaro uye zvizere amorphous zvikamu, zvichiteerana. Muchokwadi, hazvigoneke kune chero pe pe10% crystalline kana chose amorphous.

Iyo hama yekadzi inowanzotsanangurwa neyevavhareji yePolymerization (Mufananidzo), kugoverwa kwepakati pehukama misa (mufananidzo), uye kugoverwa kwemubatanidzwa uye kugovera kwakawanda index (pikicha) Nekuda kweiyo nzira dzakasiyana dzePolymerization uye mamiriro ekushanda, hama yemanyorero anokwanisa kusiyana-siyana mune huwandu hwakawanda, hwakadai kubva mumakumi gumi nemasuru ezviuru, mazana ezviuru, kana kunyange mamirioni. Iyo hama yemubatanidzwa kugoverwa kwakasiyana zvakare nemamiriro akasiyana ePolymerization, kunyanya yekudzvinyirira-kudzvanywa PE ine carrier ziegler Ciegler, iyo hama yehukama yekugovera inogona kubva kune yakatetepa kusvika pakureba. Iyo hama yemubatanidzwa weiyo yakajairwa pepa ndeye 40,000 ~ 120,000, uye yeUhmwpe ndeye chiuru chegumi negumi,000,000. Yakakwira iyo smecular uremu, iri nani mashini esini, senge simba reanosimba, idzo-tembiricha yembbrittlement, etc., asi maitiro ekugadzirisa anokanganisa.

Pamusoro peiyo paramita iri pamusoro, saizi yepezi inogona kuratidzwa neyekunyungudika kuyerera (mfr) kune zvisina kufanira kuenzanisa nehukuru hwemanyoreri, iyo madiki mbozha, uye inokwira hama, uye zvinopesana, iyo yakadzika iyo hama yemanyorero. For Ldcpa, iyo mfr is 20 ~ 50 g / 10 min, for HDPE 4 ~ 15 g / 10 min, uye yeLldpe 3 ~ 10 G / 10 min.

For ldc, iyo mfr uye iyo nhamba yepakati yerudzi rwemanyorerwo fananidzo ine inotevera hukama hwekufungidzira:

Saizi yemubatanidzwa wemanyorerwo uye kugoverwa kwayo kunoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwePurastics yehukuru hwePolymer's performance, nekuti mwero weMFR ndeyemanyama Huwandu hunoratidzira hukuru hwekunyungudika kwekunyungudika, ndechimwe chiyero chehunhu hwekugadzirisa, uye kune zvakare chinotevera chibvumirano chekufungidzira pakati peMFR uye yeiyo viscossity (η) yeiyo chelt:

HDPE nekuda kweiyo yakadzika mfr, inopfuura iyo viscosity (chiyero chehama yemubatanidzwa wemanyoreri) zvinoratidzwa. Industrial Pe yakanyungudika muTetrahydronaphthaerene kana DecAhydronaphthalene, C ndeye 0.5 ℃ [____ ']

kupi η0 ndiyo solvent viscossity, pa-s.

MFR hairatidzi hama yakagoverwa zvakanyanya, mubatanidzwa wehukama hukuru hune simba rakakura pakuparadzira. iyo plasticzer yemubatanidzwa wepamusoro molecular misa pe. Nekuti pe ine yakaenzana avhareji yemanyoreri misa, iyo ine yakagoverwa kugovera ine zviri nani kuyerera. Uye zvakare, dentity yePE inewo pesvedzero huru pane zvetsiva yeyanyungudika, density diki, visikoka idiki zvakare. Naizvozvo, cholt kuyerera kuyerera mfr haina kukodzera kuongorora iyo hama yemanyorerwe epeji ine densities dzakasiyana. Muchapfupi, hama yemanyorero madiki, yakaipisisa yekuparadzaniswa kweLMPE inoenderana neyakafanana neyakagadziriswa Pe yakafanana neiyo pe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kuita kwekupedzisira kwePE.